Legal

Checklist

Before You Go

Warnings

Two deep leadership is not currently satisfied. This violates BSA Barriers to Abuse. (, , Adult Supervision, )
One-on-one contact is prohibited between adult leaders and youth members both inside and outside of Scouting. (, , Adult Supervision, )
Corporal punishment and disciplinary activities involving isolation, humiliation, and ridicule are prohibitted. (, , Adult Supervision, )
Physical violence, sexual activity, emotional abuse, spiritual abuse, unauthorized weapons, hazing, discrimination, harassment, initiation rites, bullying, cyberbullying, theft, verbal insults, drugs, alcohol, and pornography have no place in the Scouting program and may result in revocation of membership. (, , Responsibility, )
The use of mirrors or recording devices in places or situations where privacy is expected is prohibited. (, , Program Requirements, )
Secret organizations within the scouting program are prohibited. (, , Program Requirements, )
Inappropriate public displays of affection are prohibited. (, , Program Requirements, )
Sexual activity is prohibited. (, , Program Requirements, )
Unit events involving camping must have council approval if they involve units chartered by different Chartered Organizations. (, , p. 21, )
Cub Scouts may not camp more than two consecutive nights. (, , Additional Guidelines Specifically for Cub Scout Unit-Coordinated Camping, )
Flying in hang gliders, ultralights, experimental aircraft, untethered hot air ballons, and aircraft as part of search and rescue missions is prohibited. (, , p. 36, )
Only Aviation Explorers, Venturers, and Venturer Leaders may participate in advanced orientation flights. (, , p. 1, )
Motorized personal watercraft are prohibited, with the exception of completing the motorboating merit badge for unit events. Any other motorboating activity must be through a council-approved personal watercraft (PWC) program. (, , p. 36, )
All motorized land vehicles are prohibited, with the exception of ATVs, which must be used through a council-approved program. (, , p. 1, )
Target and range activities involving anvil shooting, flintlocks, exploding targets, devices regulated under the National Firearms Act, blowguns, boomerangs, ballistae, homemade firearms, air cannons, potato cannons, tennis ball cannons, throwing of shovels, throwing of torpedoes, throwing of spikes, throwing of stars, innapropriate ammunition (including pumpkins, hard slingshot ammo, and tracers), and cannons are fully prohibited. (, , p. 36, )
Crossbows are prohibited except at Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve. (, , p. 36, )
Reloading ammunition and using reloaded ammunition are prohibited except at Philmont Scout Ranch. (, , p. 36, )
Spears, atlatls, pole spears, and spear guns are prohibited except at Philmont Scout Ranch. (, , p. 36, )
Open and/or concealed carry of firearms and the use of firearms is prohibited at scout events. Exceptions exist for official BSA target and range activities, and for law enforcement officers that are required to carry firearms within their jurisdiction. (, , p. 37, )
Bubbleball, Knockerball, zorbing, Battle Balls, bubble soccer, bubble football, and other orb activities where participant collide or roll around on land or water are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Bungee jumping and shock-cord jumping are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Cliff diving and cliff jumping are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Flyboarding and jet-boarding are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Free and solo are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Highlining is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Aerobatics are prohibited while mountain biking. (, , p. 37, )
Parachuting, BASE jumping, and wingsuiting are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Parasailing or any activity in which a person is carried aloft by a parachute, parasail, kite, flying tube, or other device is prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Parkour is prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Participation in amateur or professional rodeo events and use of mechanical bulls or similar devices is prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Aerobatics while skiing are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Aerobatics while snowboarding are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Trampolines are prohibited outside of commercial facilities meeting or exceeding current ATSM Standard F2970-15. (, , p. 38, )
Treeclimbing is prohibited (, , p. 37, )
XPOGO is prohibited (, , p. 38, )
Use of accelerants, chemicals, or pyrotechnics to start fires is prohibited. Fires are prohibited in tents. (, , p. 38, )
Excavations or entry into foxholes, makeshift caves, tunnels, trenches, or ditches (including digging in sand dunes) is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Activities where participants strike at each other, including martial arts, boxing, combat games, gladiator games, and reenactment activities such as live action role-playing games (LARP) and Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA) activities are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Activities where participants shoot or throw objects at each other, such as rock throwing, paintball, laser or archery tag, sock fights, or dodgeball are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Exploration of abandoned mines is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Selling of fireworks is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Eating and drinking contests are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Hunting is prohibited. (, , p. 39, )
Intramural, interscholastic, or club sport competitions and activities are prohibited. (, , p. 39, )
The use of passenger vans manufactured prior to 2005 is prohibited. (, , p. 54, )
Engaging in prohibited activities jeapordizes insurance coverage for any accidents that may occur and could leave you personally liable. (, , p. 55, )
Transportation via private aircraft is prohibited. (, , p. 67, )
Transportation in the bed of trucks, recreational campers, or towed trailers is prohibited unless done in compliance with requirements as part of a hayride or parade. (, , p. 67, )
Snorkeling in open water is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Scuba BSA is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Scuba diving in open water is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Open water distance swimming is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Triathlons are not age appropriate activities for cub scouts or Scouts BSA youth. (, , p. 67, )
Surfing is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
High board, platform, and cliff diving are prohibited activities. (, , p. 67, )
Serving as a crew member on an overnight cruise is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Cub scouts are prohibited from kayaking on anything other than calm, flat water. (, , p. 67, )
Cub scouts are prohibited from stand-up paddleboarding on anything other than calm, flat water. (, , p. 67, )
Rowing shells are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Sailboats are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Sailboards are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Powerboats are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Tubing may not occur in rapids. (, , p. 67, )
Commercial whitewater trips are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Youth operating craft in Class III and greater rapids is not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts or Scouts BSA youth. (, , p. 67, )
Towed aquatics activities are not age appropriate for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Aerial towed aquatics activities are prohibited. (, , p. 67, )
Personal watercraft are not age appropriate for Cub Scouts or Scouts BSA youth. (, , p. 67, )
Breath holding contests are a prohibited activity. (, , p. 35, )
Scuba is prohibited for anyone using medication to control seizures, or who had a seizure in the past 2 years, who uses insulin to control diabetes, or who has a history of asthma or Reactive Airway Disease unless confirmed as resolved by methacholine testing. (, , pp. 134, )

Requirements

Every adult leader must be approved by the Chartered Organization Representative, or in their absence the executive officer of the chartered organization. Registration includes completion of application, including criminal background check and mandatory Youth Protection training, and a Volunteer Screening Database check. (, , Registration Requirements, )
Adult program participants must register as adults and follow Youth Protection policies. 17 year old youth members transitioning to an adult leader (Scouts BSA), camp staff, or adult program participant upon their 18th birthday may continue to participate for a period of 30 days while their adult application and criminal background check process. These individuals must abide by adult youth protection policies and guidelines during the 30 day transition period. (, , Registration Requirements, )
Two registered adult leaders 21 years of age or over are required at all Scouting activities, including meetings. There must be a registered female adult leader 21 years of age or over in every unit serving females. A registered female adult leader 21 years of age or over must be present for any activity involving female youth or female adult program participants. (, , Adult Supervision, )
Age- and program-appropriate supervision must always be provided. (, , Adult Supervision, )
All adults staying overnight in connection with a Scouting activity must be currently registered as an adult volunteer or adult program participant. Adult volunteers must register in the position(s) they are serving in. The merit badge counselor position does not meet this requirement.(, , Adult Supervision, )
Cub Scout parents or legal guardians may take part in an overnight Cub Scout program with their own child or legal ward without registering as a leader. All adults must review the How to Protect your Children from Child Abuse: A Parent's Guide literature at the front of each Cub Scout Handbook. Additionally, a registered leader must accompany an unregistered adult any time they are with youth members other than their own child/ward. (, , Adult Supervision, )
One-on-one contact is prohibited. In situations requiring a personal conference, meetings must be conducted in view of other adults and/or youth. Private online conversations and social media contact must include another registered leader or parent. (, , Adult Supervision, )
Discipline must be constructive. It must reflect scouting's values. (, , Adult Supervision, )
Leaders must ensure that all participating in Scouting activities abide by the Scout Oath and Scout Law. (, , Responsibility, )
Adult leaders and youth member share the responsibility for the safety of all participants in the program, including adherence to Youth Protection and health and safety policies. Adult leaders are responsible for monitoring behavior and intervening when necessary. (, , Responsibility, )
Separate accomodations for adult males and females and youth males and females are required. (, , Accomodations, )
Separate tenting arrangements must be provided for male and female adults as well as for male and female youth. Youth sharing tents must be no more than two years apart in age unless they are siblings of the same gender. Parental authorization is required for same-gender siblings more than two years apart in age. Spouses may share tents. (, , Accomodations, )
Campsites must be arranged to separate adults and youth, and separate genders. This can be achieved through natural barriers, physical distance, or dividing the campsite. Adult leaders are responsible for establishing the barriers and reminding scouts that members of one gender must not enter the tent of another. (, , Accomodations, )
In Cub Scouting, parents and guardians may share a tent with their family. (, , Accomodations, )
In Scouts BSA, youth and adults tent separately. (, , Accomodations, )
Whenever possible, separate cabins or lodging should be provided for male and female adults as well as for male and female youth. Where separate accommodations cannot be provided due to group size or limited availability, modifications may be made. Where completely separate accommodations are not available, additional supervision is required. If adults and youth of the same gender occupy single-room accommodations, there must be a minimum of two adults and four youth, with all adults being Youth Protection trained. Physical separation by other means, including temporary barriers or space, should be used only when no other arrangements are possible. (, , Accomodations, )
Separate showers and latrine facilities should be provided for male and female adults as well as male and female youth. If separate facilities are not available, separate times should be scheduled and posted. (, , Accomodations, )
All aspects of the Scouting program are open to observation by parents and leaders. (, , Program Requirements, )
Appropriate attire is required for all activities. (, , Program Requirements, )
The buddy system should be used. Adult leadership oversees and approves buddies. Buddy groups can be two or three. Mixed gender buddy groups must be groups of three. Youth siblings may be buddy pairs regardless of age with permission from parents. For non-siblings, buddy groups must be within 3 years of age for non-sleeping activities. A parent or legal guardian may serve as a buddy in exceptional circumstances, but youth buddies are always preferred. (, , Program Requirements, )
Adult leaders and youth members have a responsibility to recognize, respond to, and report Youth Protection violations and abuse. Serious Youth Protection policy violations or behaviors that put a youth's safety at risk must be reported to the Scout executive. All persons participating in Scouting are mandated reporters of child abuse. Reports must be made to local law enforcement, child protective services, and any other party required by state law. The reporting duty cannot be delegated. Additionally, a report must be made to the Scout executive or the Scouts First Helpline. These resources coordinate follow-up actions. (, , Reporting, )
If someone is at immediate risk of harm, always call 911. (, , Reporting, )
Adults and youth must respect each other's privacy, especially in situations such as changing clothes and taking showers at camp. Adults should closely monitor these areas but only enter as needed for youth protection or health and safety reasons. (, , Accomodations, )
One leader present must be current in Hazardous Weather training for each unit type at the event. (, , p. 21, )
One pack leader present at the event must be BALOO trained. (, , p. 21, )
Youth not registered in the unit(s) may not accompany the unit(s) in camping programs. (, , p. 21, )
Cub Scout camping must be at council-approved sites. Packs may contact their council to request that sites be assessed. (, , p. 21, )
Lions and Tigers must have an adult partner present to camp. (, , p. 22, )
Wolves and Bears must have an adult partner present to camp OR may attend with the registered parent of another Cub attending the camp. The child's parent, the responsible registered adult, and the unit leader must all agree to the arrangement. A responsible registered adult may only be responsible for one child in addition to their own children. (, , p. 22, )
Webelos and Arrows must have an adult partner present to camp OR may attend with two registered adult leaders, provided all youth protection guidelines are followed. The child's parent and the two registered leaders must all agree to the arrangement. (, , p. 22, )
All participants must complete the Annual Health and Medical Record Part A and Part B. This record must be updated annually. (, , p. 27, )
All participants staying 72 hours or more must complete the Annual Health and Medical Record Part C. This record must be updated annually. (, , p. 27, )
All participants engaging in high adventure activities must share supplemental risk advisory information (Part D) with their medical provider to inform the completion of Annual Health and Medical Record Part C. (, , p. 27, )
All participants must have a valid (within the last 10 years) tetanus immunization to participate. Exceptions may be made for individuals with medical risk factors. (, , p. 30, )
At least one adult participant must have Wilderness First Aid training from a BSA-approved provider. Individual high adventure programs may have more stringent requirements. (, , p. 31, )
A Flying Plan Checklist must be completed. The flight must be within 25 nautical miles of the departure airport, with no stops before returning. The pilot must have at least a private pilot's certificate, at least 250 hours of total flight time, be current under FAR 61 to carry passengers, a valid medical certificate, and have a current certificate under FAR 61. Aircraft owners must have at least $1 million aircraft liability coverage, including passenger liability with sublimits of no less than $100,000. The aircraft must have a standard airworthiness certificate. The chartered organization must validate that parental permission forms have been completed, each pilot has a license and medical certificate, that pilots have met the 250 flight hour threshold, that insurance requirements are met, and that the checklist is complete. (, , pp. 1-3, )
A Flying Plan Checklist must be completed. Flying waivers must be completed by all participants. Comply with all FAA regulations and BSA requirements. The pilot-in-command will have full decision-making authority regarding all activities during a ballooning event. Only adults may perform crew functions during the event, and only the pilot-in-command may direct the crew volunteers. The pilot must conduct a safety and coordination meeting with the crew. The flight must be conducted in an open area of at least 200 feet by 200 feet clear of obstructions, utility lines, trees, and fences. If a vacant lot or dirt area is used, it must be cleared of all material that might snag or tear the balloon. Written permission to use the property must be secured along with any required permits. The balloon must be secured to the ground with tether lines from three separate locations on the perimeter of the site using poles, trees, or vehicles as attachment points. These points must be capable of supporting several thousand pounds of force. If vehicles are used, the anchorage point must be attached to the frame of the vehicle. Small cars, small trucks, or trailers may not be used. Tether lines must be at least 5/8 inch nylon rope in good condition with a load strength of 8,800 pounds or equivalent. The maximum above ground limit (height) is 70 feet. The number of passengers may not exceed manufacturer recommendations. The flight must occur between sunrise and sunset with winds less than 6 miles per hour. The balloonist must have a commercial certification, at least 100 hours of total flight time, and have a valid medical certificate. The balloonist must be onboard while the balloon is flown. Balloon owners and pilots must have at least $1 million aircraft liability coverage, including passenger liability with sublimits of no less than $100,000 with BSA named as an additionally insured. References must be provided and checked before the event. The balloon must be registered with the FAA. It must be constructed, certified, maintained, and operated in compliance with FAR 43, 61, and 91. The chartered organization must validate that parental permission forms have been completed, each balloonist has a license and medical certificate, that balloonists have met the 100 flight hour threshold, that insurance requirements are met, and that the checklist is complete. (, , pp. 1-3, )
Go Karting may only be done at a commercial facility that provides equipment and supervision of cart operations. (, , p. 36, )
Trampoline parks must meet or exceed current ATSM Standard F2970-15 (, , p. 38, )
Fireworks may only be displayed by certified or licensed fireworks control experts. (, , p. 38, )
The SAFE checklist must be used in planning the event to ensure that the selected activities are suitable and properly prepared for. (, , pp. 40-41, )
Cub Scout units may only participate in COPE, zip line, canopy tour, or aerial adventure park activities if those activities are specifically designed for Cub Scout-age youth participation. (, , p. 46, )
Troops may conduct outings to commercial zip lines, canopy tours, and aerial adventure parks. The facilities must be operated according to Association for Challenge Course Technology (ACCT) or American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) operating standards. Unit leaders must verify current compliance. Unit leaders must verify that measures are in place to provide for the safety of everyone at the program site, including observers. Everyone must be belayed or anchored within 8 feet of an edge where a fall of more than 6 feet may occur. Additionally, a consistent process must be used by all COPE and climbing staff to ensure that clothing, head protection, environment, connections, and knots are double-checked in belayed events for staff members and participants. (, , pp. 46-47, )
Staff running slacklining events must learn proper setup, operational guidelines, and safety techniques. Equipment must be designed for the adventure sport industry. All manufacturer recommendations must be followed. (, , p. 47, )
Money-earning projects should be suited to the ages and abilities of youth participants. Proper adult supervision is required. Activities may only occur in neighborhoods that are safe and familiar. Leaders must train youth to never enter homes and who to contact in case of emergency. Youth must be familiar with safe pedestrian practices and participate during daylight hours. Comply with all local solicitation rules. Complete a Unit Money-Earning Application if the activity is not the National-sponsored popcorn sale.(, , p. 47, )
Unit fundraisers must secure written approval from the local council at least 14 days in advance of committing to a fundraising activity. Contracts must be signed by individual unit members, not on behalf of the local council or Scouting America. Raffle tickets or games of chance may not be used as fundraisers. Products must be sold on the merit of their value, and not on the reputation or brand of Scouting America. The activity must not involve soliciting gifts or donations for their chartered organization or other organizations. Units may not solicit contributions for unit programs. (, , p. 2, )
Ensure that all bikes fit participants and they are able to stand over the top tube. Make sure all parts are secure and working. Properly inflate tires and check brakes. (, , p. 49, )
No activity is authorized in areas with vehicular traffic. Ensure streets can be closed to traffic if skating outdoors. All skates and/or skateboards must be inspected prior to use to verify they are in good repair and well maintained consistent with manufacturer recommendations. (, , pp. 49-50, )
Each local council will have policies and procedures regarding horsemanship activities. Contact the local council to identify requirements. (, , pp. 51, )
Cub Scout units may only participate in COPE, zip line, canopy tour, or aerial adventure park activities if those activities are specifically designed for Cub Scout-age youth participation. (, , p. 46, )
All vehicles must be covered by a liability insurance policy. The policy must be sufficient for the state where the vehicle is licensed. Vehicles travelling outside the United States must have a liability insurance policy that is sufficient for the country of travel. (, , pp. 46-47, )
All watercraft used in scouting must have a liability insurance policy. Boats under 26 feet must have at least $300,000 in coverage. Larger boats must have at least $500,000. Small non-motorized craft, such as kayaks, rafts, canoes, catamarans, and sailboats under 26 feet need not carry insurance. (, , pp. 54-55, )
All drivers must have a valid driver's license that has not been suspended or revoked, including Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDLs) where required. Drivers must follow all applicable traffic laws and not drive if distracted or impaired. Drivers must be 18 or older. Driving time is limited to a maximum of 10 hours in a 24 hour period regardless of the number of drivers. Frequent breaks for rest, food, and recreation are required. Pre-trip inspections must be completed and any deficiencies must be remediated. (, , pp. 57-58, )
Tires must not be more than 6 years old. All seats must have factory installed seat belts. Vehicles must be equipped with triangle reflectors, flares, first aid kit, fire extinguisher, emergency water, food, blankets, incident reporting forms, and forms of communication. (, , p. 2, )
When towing, the tow vehicle driver has the knowledge, skills, and abilities to operate the vehicle with the attached unit. (, , p. 58, )
All participants must be outfitted in appropriate gear for cold weather. (, , p. 59, )
At least one leader must be an experienced winter camper. (, , p. 59, )
Cover no more than 12 miles on cross-country skis. (, , p. 59, )
Cover no more than 5 miles on snowshoes. (, , p. 59, )
Cold weather activities must be supervised by conscientious adults, one of whom is over 21, that are experienced and qualified in the cold weather activity and familiar with the seven points of BSA Winter Sports Safety. Appropriate personal protective equipment is required for all activities. (, , pp. 59-60, )
Helmets are required for downhill skiing. (, , p. 60, )
Helmets are required for snowboarding. (, , p. 60, )
During downhill activities such as sledding and tobogganing, use only designated areas where rocks, stumps, and other obstacles have been identified and marked, cleared away, shielded, or buffered. (, , p. 61, )
Know what animal and insect hazards may be encountered during the activity. Research and bring appropriate protection for these hazards. Ensure qualified personnel with appropriate protective equipment perform any cleaning of animal feces. (, , pp. 63-64, )
All swimming and activity afloat must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult age 21 or older who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of youth members in their care, is experienced in the particular activity, is confident in their ability to respond appropriately in an emergency, and is trained and committed to the nine points of BSA Safety Afloat and the eight points of Safe Swim Defense. The unit leader is always responsible for the safety of youth members and being trained and committed to BSA Safety Afloat and Safe Swim Defense. Responsibility for the other two requirements may be delegated to another adult (e.g., a lifeguard, a rafting guide). (, , p. 4, )
All participants must complete Snorkel BSA prior to participating in open water snorkeling. (, , p. 4, )
Only individuals classified as swimmers may participate in Scuba BSA. (, , p. 4, )
Scuba certification is required for scuba diving in open water. (, , p. 4, )
Only individuals classified as swimmers may participate in open water swimming. Mile Swim safety criteria must be used. (, , p. 4, )
Only individuals classified as swimmers may participate in surfing. (, , p. 4, )
Day rides on large private craft must have qualified adult operation, take place on calm water, and craft must have capacity of 4 or more. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with a swimmer in the same fixed-seat rowboat or pedal-boat on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with an adult swimmer in the same canoe on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with an adult swimmer in the same tandem kayak on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with an adult swimmer in the same raft on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a single person kayak. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a stand-up paddleboard. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a rowing shell. Rowing shells may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a youth-operated sailboat. Sailboats may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a sailboard. Sailboards may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a powerboat. Powerboats may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. Powerboats must be operated in compliance with state regulations. Approved supervision must be aboard the powerboat. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may go tubing. Tubing may only occur on gently flowing or calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may participate in commercial whitewater trips. A professional operator must be aboard each craft. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may participate in towed aquatics activities. An approved operator must operate the towboat. (, , p. 4, )
Require evidence of fitness for swimming activity with a complete health history from a physician, parent, or guardian. Forms for minors must be signed by a parent or legal guardian. Adjust all supervision, discipline, and protection to anticipate any risks associated with individual health conditions. (, , pp. 23-24, 31, )
All participants must be classified as swimmers, beginners, or nonswimmers based on swimming ability confirmed by standardized BSA swim classification tests. (, , pp. 23-24, )
A plan must be made to ensure a safe and enjoyable activity afloat. (, , p. 24, )
Medical form Part C height and weight limits must be strictly adhered to when activities take the unit more than 30 minutes from an emergency vehicle-accessible roadway. (, , p. 32, )
Adult leaders supervising swimming activities must have completed Safe Swim Defense training in the past two years. (, , p. 50, )
Snorkeling activities are limited to clear water (defined as an 8 inch disk with black and white quadrants being visible at 8 foot depth from the surface). (, , p. 129, )
Snorkeling activities must be supervised by an individual with skills and knowledge matching those required for the Snorkel BSA award, and must have experience snorkeling in the environment that the activity is planned for. (, , p. 129, )
Use permits must be secured (if required) for any waterways travelled during an activity afloat. (, , p. 167, )
Safety Afloat requires Scouts to have three hours of training or demonstrated proficiency before paddling a canoe on a float trip. Adults may learn the skills by completing BSA Paddlecraft Safety. Individuals must understand paddle selection, launching a canoe, paddling position, forward strokes, paddling in a straight line, draw and pry, moving sideways, sweeps, turns and pivots, stopping, moving backwards, landing, rescuing a distressed swimmer, recovering a swamped boat, deepwater entry, and portaging. (, , pp. 170-184, )
Safety Afloat requires Scouts to have three hours of training or demonstrated proficiency before paddling a kayak on a float trip. Adults may learn the skills by completing BSA Paddlecraft Safety. Individuals must understand boarding, recovering from capsizing, balance, forward strokes, forward sweeps, reverse sweeps, rudder use, draw strokes, back strokes, combining strokes, and aiding capsized paddlers. (, , pp. 185-195, )
Safety Afloat requires Scouts to have three hours of training or demonstrated proficiency before paddling a stand up paddleboard on a float trip. BSA Stand Up Paddleboarding is recommended to learn the appropriate skills. Individuals must understand board position, forward strokes, going straight, turning and stopping, sweeps, and falls and recovery. (, , pp. 199-202, )
Individuals taking whitewater trips should be trained on and ready for all knowledge and skills covered in chapters 19 and 20 of Aquatics Supervision. (, , pp. 203-224, )
When evaluating commercial whitewater operators, consider years of operation, safety record, condition of equipment, safety policies, guide training, instructional programs, and alcohol policies. (, , p. 223, )
Do not leave shuttles to chance on float trips. Either pay for commercial transport back to the starting point, or have extra adults follow the party by road. Shuttling requires at least two vehicles. Ensure they are left above the high water mark. Ensure there is sufficient adult leadership to maintain supervision and satisfy Youth Protection policies for both groups when split. (, , pp. 229-230, )
Complete a float plan for the adventure. (, , pp. 230-234, )
Safety Afloat requires Scouts to have three hours of training or demonstrated proficiency before rowing on a float trip. Individuals must understand oars and oarlocks, moving forward and backward, stops, turns, and pivots, and swimmer assists. (, , pp. 235-242, )
Most sailboats have auxiliary motors and must comply with all rules applicable to motorboats. Ensure that "Powerboats and Motorboats" is checked if there is an auxiliary motor for additional guidance. (, , p. 248, )
Safety Afloat requires Scouts to have three hours of training or demonstrated proficiency before boardsailing in open water. Individuals must understand the board, moving into the water, uphauling, getting under way, steering, turning around, tacking, points of sail, stopping, and handling emergencies. (, , pp. 249-261, )

Best Practices

Leaders' Hazardous Weather training should have been completed within the past two years. (, , p. 21, )
First aid kits should be stocked and ready to use, stocked with items befitting the level of training. The first aid kit should regularly be checked for expired items. (, , p. 21, )
All pack leaders should be BALOO trained. (, , p. 21, )
Wolves and Bears should have an adult partner present to camp. (, , p. 22, )
Webelos and Arrows should have an adult partner present to camp. (, , p. 22, )
Review the Annual Health and Medical Record for all participants prior to the activity to understand potential health risks. (, , p. 29, )
All participants should be current on recommended immunizations. (, , p. 30, )
All participants are recommended to have CPR/AED and First Aid training. Participants over 14 years of age are recommended to have Wilderness First Aid training. Training should be completed with a BSA-approved provider. (, , pp. 30-31, )
Unleaded gasoline and liquid alcohol fuels are not recommended for use. Consider other chemical fuels. (, , p. 33, )
All orientation flights are recommended to be conducted through the local EAA chapter Young Eagle Flights. (, , p. 2, )
The open area should be fairly level, grassy, and free of debris and mud. Plan on 30 days for securing any required permits. Only full-sized vehicles or larger should be used as attachment points. Tethers are best completed before 10 AM or in the last two hours before sunset. There should be no rain within 50 miles of tethers and no thunderstorms within 75 miles. Five or six crew members should be provided to help with inflating and deflating the balloon, crowd control, and public relations. These volunteers should arrive an hour early and be available for the full duration the balloon is inflated and to pack up the balloon after the event. Crew members should wear protective work clothing, including clean leather gloves and no open-toed shoes. Crew members should be physically fit and have knowledge of knots. All events should be promoted as "wind and weather permitting." Have a backup plan. (, , )
Use the Program Hazard Analysis form to formally assess risk and the effects of risk mitigation for the event. (, , p. 39, )
Unit leaders should engage their local council to verify that the facilities are operated according to Association for Challenge Course Technology (ACCT) or American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) operating standards. (, , p. 46, )
Slacklining equipment should not be used for any other purpose. Fall precautions should include spotters and crash pads. Trees used for anchors should be protected from damage and be at least 8 inches in diameter. (, , p. 47, )
Ensure that your fundraising activity does not conflict with other local community and scouting events. (, , p. 2, )
Vehicles should have a minimum liability policy of $100,000 combined single limit. Vehicles carrying 10 or more passengers should have a limit of $1 million single limits. (, , pp. 53-54, )
All watercraft used in scouting should have liability insurance commensurate with the size and usage of the craft. $1 million is recommended. Small non-motorized craft, such as kayaks, rafts, canoes, catamarans, and sailboats under 26 feet should be insured if used for any non-scouting purposes. Craft and operators should be licensed by the U.S. Coast Guard. (, , pp. 54-55, )
The local council may provide accident and sickness insurance that covers Scouts, Scouters, and potential Scouts and Scouters. Contact the local council to understand what coverage may be available. (, , p. 54, )
When possible, use public carriers for group transport such as trains, buses, and commercial airlines. (, , p. 57, )
All equipment should be inspected to ensure it is in good condition. Blankets and bags should be of a suitable quality and weight. Youth should be suitably fit for cold weather activities and understand the relevant hazards. Helmets should be worn for winter sports. Individuals with underlying cardiopulmonary conditions should be cleared by their physician to participate. (, , pp. 59-60, )
An early slogan of the Boy Scouts of America was "Every Scout a swimmer." Swimming skill is the single biggest safety factor near water. Unit Leaders should invest in youth safety by promoting and training swimming skills in the unit. (, , p. 22, )
Examination by a physician should be required in the event of a significant health condition when participating in aquatics. (, , pp. 23-24, )
All participants should know, understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe swimming provided by Safe Swim Defense. Applicable rules should be discussed prior to any aquatics outing with all participants. (, , p. 23, )
All participants should know, understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe boating provided by Safety Afloat. Applicable rules should be discussed prior to any aquatics outing with all participants. (, , p. 24, )
Plans for activities afloat should include a scheduled itinerary, notification of appropriate parties, communication arrangements, contingencies for foul weather and equipment failure, and emergency response options. (, , p. 24, )
An emergency action plan should be created for all scouting activities. The plan should address when and how the plan is activated; who takes charge of the overall response; who conducts the rescue or provides aid to the victim; what equipment will be needed; where the equipment is located; communication between the victim and rescuer; communication with and superivision of the rest of the unit members, who may assist with the effort or need to be removed from danger; who summons EMS, law enforcement, or other authorities, under what circumstances, and how; and after the victim is stabilized or removed from immediate danger, what follow-up care is needed, including (if necessary) how to evacuate the victim or the entire unit. If a person loses consciousness or needs medical care beyond simple first aid, the designated emergency contact should be notified and emergency contacts should be included in the plan. (, , pp. 26-27, )
Touring plans are recommended at the unit level for transportation to and from activities. (, , p. 28, )
All units should have one adult or older youth currently trained in BSA Aquatics Supervision: Swimming and Water Rescue or BSA Lifeguard participate in planning and conducting all swim activities. (, , p. 50, )
Additional insights on river and whitewater trips may be gained from the Reading the Rhythms of Rivers and Rapids DVD. (, , p. 224, )
Units with many members lacking swimming skills should focus on learn-to-swim opportunities rather than float trips. (, , p. 227, )
Conservatively estimate the time it will take to travel distances on the water. Schedule layovers or short legs as part of longer trips. (, , p. 227, )
Use the cruising checklist in Aquatics Supervision to ensure that any vessel meets appropriate standards for safety and equipment operations. (, , pp. 246-247, )
The motorboating checklist in Aquatics Supervision should be used to plan for and prepare the craft and scouts for any motorboating activity. (, , p. 265, )

During the Event

Warnings

Flying in hang gliders, ultralights, experimental aircraft, untethered hot air ballons, and aircraft as part of search and rescue missions is prohibited. (, , p. 36, )
Only Aviation Explorers, Venturers, and Venturer Leaders may participate in advanced orientation flights. (, , p. 1, )
Target and range activities involving anvil shooting, flintlocks, exploding targets, devices regulated under the National Firearms Act, blowguns, boomerangs, ballistae, homemade firearms, air cannons, potato cannons, tennis ball cannons, throwing of shovels, throwing of torpedoes, throwing of spikes, throwing of stars, innapropriate ammunition (including pumpkins, hard slingshot ammo, and tracers), and cannons are fully prohibited. (, , p. 36, )
Crossbows are prohibited except at Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve. (, , p. 36, )
Reloading ammunition and using reloaded ammunition are prohibited except at Philmont Scout Ranch. (, , p. 36, )
Spears, atlatls, pole spears, and spear guns are prohibited except at Philmont Scout Ranch. (, , p. 36, )
Open and/or concealed carry of firearms and the use of firearms is prohibited at scout events. Exceptions exist for official BSA target and range activities, and for law enforcement officers that are required to carry firearms within their jurisdiction. (, , p. 37, )
Bubbleball, Knockerball, zorbing, Battle Balls, bubble soccer, bubble football, and other orb activities where participant collide or roll around on land or water are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Bungee jumping and shock-cord jumping are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Cliff diving and cliff jumping are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Flyboarding and jet-boarding are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Free and solo are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Highlining is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Aerobatics are prohibited while mountain biking. (, , p. 37, )
Parachuting, BASE jumping, and wingsuiting are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Parasailing or any activity in which a person is carried aloft by a parachute, parasail, kite, flying tube, or other device is prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Parkour is prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Participation in amateur or professional rodeo events and use of mechanical bulls or similar devices is prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Aerobatics while skiing are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Aerobatics while snowboarding are prohibited. (, , p. 37, )
Trampolines are prohibited outside of commercial facilities meeting or exceeding current ATSM Standard F2970-15. (, , p. 38, )
Treeclimbing is prohibited (, , p. 37, )
XPOGO is prohibited (, , p. 38, )
Use of accelerants, chemicals, or pyrotechnics to start fires is prohibited. Fires are prohibited in tents. (, , p. 38, )
Excavations or entry into foxholes, makeshift caves, tunnels, trenches, or ditches (including digging in sand dunes) is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Activities where participants strike at each other, including martial arts, boxing, combat games, gladiator games, and reenactment activities such as live action role-playing games (LARP) and Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA) activities are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Activities where participants shoot or throw objects at each other, such as rock throwing, paintball, laser or archery tag, sock fights, or dodgeball are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Exploration of abandoned mines is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Selling of fireworks is prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Eating and drinking contests are prohibited. (, , p. 38, )
Hunting is prohibited. (, , p. 39, )
Intramural, interscholastic, or club sport competitions and activities are prohibited. (, , p. 39, )
Any acrobatic maneuver on a slackline where the head is below the torso is prohibited. (, , p. 47, )
Transportation via private aircraft is prohibited. (, , p. 67, )
Transportation in the bed of trucks, recreational campers, or towed trailers is prohibited unless done in compliance with requirements as part of a hayride or parade. (, , p. 67, )
Snorkeling in open water is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Scuba BSA is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Scuba diving in open water is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Open water distance swimming is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Triathlons are not age appropriate activities for cub scouts or Scouts BSA youth. (, , p. 67, )
Surfing is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
High board, platform, and cliff diving are prohibited activities. (, , p. 67, )
Serving as a crew member on an overnight cruise is not an age appropriate activity for cub scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Cub scouts are prohibited from kayaking on anything other than calm, flat water. (, , p. 67, )
Cub scouts are prohibited from stand-up paddleboarding on anything other than calm, flat water. (, , p. 67, )
Rowing shells are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Sailboats are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Sailboards are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Powerboats are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Tubing may not occur in rapids. (, , p. 67, )
Commercial whitewater trips are not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Youth operating craft in Class III and greater rapids is not an age appropriate activity for Cub Scouts or Scouts BSA youth. (, , p. 67, )
Towed aquatics activities are not age appropriate for Cub Scouts. (, , p. 67, )
Aerial towed aquatics activities are prohibited. (, , p. 67, )
Personal watercraft are not age appropriate for Cub Scouts or Scouts BSA youth. (, , p. 67, )
Breath holding contests are a prohibited activity. (, , p. 35, )
Scuba is prohibited for anyone using medication to control seizures, or who had a seizure in the past 2 years, who uses insulin to control diabetes, or who has a history of asthma or Reactive Airway Disease unless confirmed as resolved by methacholine testing. (, , pp. 134, )

Requirements

All scouters must adhere to the Scouter Code of Conduct. (, , pp. iv-v, )
All scouts and scouters should always have a first aid kit on hand and stocked with essential items. (, , Summary, )
One pack leader present at the event must be BALOO trained. (, , p. 21, )
Lions and Tigers must have an adult partner present to camp. (, , p. 21, )
Wolves and Bears must have an adult partner present to camp OR may attend with the registered parent of another Cub attending the camp. The child's parent, the responsible registered adult, and the unit leader must all agree to the arrangement. A responsible registered adult may only be responsible for one child in addition to their own children. (, , p. 22, )
Webelos and Arrows must have an adult partner present to camp OR may attend with two registered adult leaders, provided all youth protection guidelines are followed. The child's parent and the two registered leaders must all agree to the arrangement. (, , p. 22, )
Assess all campsites for hazard trees. If hazard trees are present, ensure all tents, chairs, hammocks, and work areas are outside a minimum danger zone of 1.5x the tree's height. Increase the danger zone if on a sloped area. Monitor for changing risk due to weather, wind, soil saturation, etc. (, , p. 22, )
Don't use unstable objects to support tents, canopies, or hammocks. (, , p. 22, )
Assess all parking areas for hazard trees. If hazard trees are present, ensure all vehicles are outside a minimum danger zone of 1.5x the tree's height. Increase the danger zone if on a sloped area. Monitor for changing risk due to weather, wind, soil saturation, etc. (, , p. 22, )
Assess all hiking paths for hazard trees. (, , p. 22, )
When you hear thunder, see lightning, or observe dark clouds forming, move quickly to shelter. Shelter can be a safe building (fully enclosed with plumbing and wiring) or a safe vehicle (a fully enclosed vehicle). If shelter is unavailable, spread individuals 100 feet apart, stay away from tall isolated structures and trees, and avoid open fields and hill or ridgetops. (, , p. 23, )
Avoid open fields, hilltops, and ridge tops when camping in thunderstorms and shelter is not available. Set up camp in low areas that are not prone to flooding. Anyone struck or near-struck by lightning must be taken to the nearest medical facility as soon as possible. (, , pp. 23-24, )
Avoid open fields, hilltops, and ridge tops when hiking in thunderstorms and shelter is not available. (, , p. 23, )
If you cannot get to shelter on land while boating, preferably shelter in a cabin. Otherwise, drop anchor and get as low as possible. (, , p. 24, )
BSA activities involving youth must not permit the use of tobacco products. (, , p. 25, )
BSA activities must not permit the use of alcoholic beverages or controlled substances, including marijuana. (, , p. 25, )
Participants using medication with the potential of impacting any functioning or judgment cannot participate in activities that would put youth at risk (e.g., driving, operating equipment). (, , p. 25, )
Individuals or their parent/guardian are responsible for ensuring that prescription medication is taken. Leaders may take responsibility for providing a youth with medication at the appropriate time. The most restrictive of unit, camp, and state regulations regarding administering medication must be followed. (, , p. 28, )
A knowledgable adult must supervise all use of chemical fuel and equipment Equipment must be used in compliance with manufacturer instructions and in permitted areas. Chemical fuels must be stored and transported upright, secured, and in either their original containers or containers designated for immediate use. Fuels must be stored away from ignition sources, buildings, and tents. Liquid fuels may not be used to start any type of fire. Homemade or modified chemical-fueled equipment is prohibited. Equipment not operated according to manufacturer instructions and design is prohibited. (, , pp. 33-34, )
Flames are not permitted in tents. This includes tents designed to house stoves or flames. This also includes chemical fueled or catalytic heaters. (, , p. 34, )
A Flying Plan Checklist must be completed. The flight must be within 25 nautical miles of the departure airport, with no stops before returning. The pilot must have at least a private pilot's certificate, at least 250 hours of total flight time, be current under FAR 61 to carry passengers, a valid medical certificate, and have a current certificate under FAR 61. Aircraft owners must have at least $1 million aircraft liability coverage, including passenger liability with sublimits of no less than $100,000. The aircraft must have a standard airworthiness certificate. The chartered organization must validate that parental permission forms have been completed, each pilot has a license and medical certificate, that pilots have met the 250 flight hour threshold, that insurance requirements are met, and that the checklist is complete. (, , pp. 1-3, )
Go Karting may only be done at a commercial facility that provides equipment and supervision of cart operations. (, , p. 31, )
Motorized personal watercraft may only be used in conjunction with the motorboating merit badge for unit events. Any other motorboating activity must be through a council-approved personal watercraft (PWC) program. (, , p. 36, )
Trampoline parks must meet or exceed current ATSM Standard F2970-15 (, , p. 38, )
Fireworks may only be displayed by certified or licensed fireworks control experts. (, , p. 38, )
The SAFE checklist must be used during the event to ensure that the selected activities are suitable and properly prepared for. (, , pp. 40-41, )
Cub Scout units may only participate in COPE, zip line, canopy tour, or aerial adventure park activities if those activities are specifically designed for Cub Scout-age youth participation. (, , p. 46, )
Troops may conduct outings to commercial zip lines, canopy tours, and aerial adventure parks. Unit leaders must verify that measures are in place to provide for the safety of everyone at the program site, including observers. Everyone must be belayed or anchored within 8 feet of an edge where a fall of more than 6 feet may occur. Additionally, a consistent process must be used by all COPE and climbing staff to ensure that clothing, head protection, environment, connections, and knots are double-checked in belayed events for staff members and participants. (, , pp. 46-47, )
Staff running slacklining events must learn proper setup, operational guidelines, and safety techniques. Equipment must be designed for the adventure sport industry. All manufacturer recommendations must be followed. Lines must not be higher than 3 feet. Only 1 person is permitted on the slackline at a time. (, , p. 47, )
Transportation to or from a hayride site must not be in the back of a truck or on a trailer. Everyone riding must be able to hold on to something stationary. Legs must not hang over the sides. Flashing lights must illuminate the hayride or float vehicle after dark, or the vehicle must be followed by a vehicle with flashing lights.(, , p. 48, )
Money-earning projects should be suited to the ages and abilities of youth participants. Proper adult supervision is required. Activities may only occur in neighborhoods that are safe and familiar. Leaders must train youth to never enter homes and who to contact in case of emergency. Youth must be familiar with safe pedestrian practices and participate during daylight hours. Comply with all local solicitation rules. (, , p. 47, )
Unit fundraisers must have written approval from the local council. Raffle tickets or games of chance may not be used as fundraisers. Products must be sold on the merit of their value, and not on the reputation or brand of Scouting America. The activity must not involve soliciting gifts or donations for their chartered organization or other organizations. Units may not solicit contributions for unit programs. (, , p. 2, )
Ensure that all bikes fit participants and they are able to stand over the top tube. Make sure all parts are secure and working. Properly inflate tires and check brakes. All participants must wear helmets. Wear highly visible or reflective clothing or tape. Avoid road hazards. Obey all traffic laws. Ride on the right side of the road in the direction of traffic. Yield to traffic and watch for parked cars. (, , p. 49, )
Skate within participant ability levels. Maintain a safe and comfortable speed. Watch for road hazards and other skaters. Racing, hockey, and other activities must be conducted in areas free of pedestrians and traffic. No activity is authorized in areas with vehicular traffic. Skate on smooth surfaces during the day. Iced surfaces must be completely frozen and rigid. Protective gear (helmets, knee pads, elbow pads, wrist guards)is mandatory when skating outdoors. All equipment must properly fit and be in good condition. Wear highly visible or reflective clothing or tape. (, , pp. 49-50, )
All vehicles must be covered by a liability insurance policy. The policy must be sufficient for the state where the vehicle is licensed. Vehicles travelling outside the United States must have a liability insurance policy that is sufficient for the country of travel. (, , pp. 46-47, )
All watercraft used in scouting must have a liability insurance policy. Boats under 26 feet must have at least $300,000 in coverage. Larger boats must have at least $500,000. Small non-motorized craft, such as kayaks, rafts, canoes, catamarans, and sailboats under 26 feet need not carry insurance. (, , pp. 54-55, )
All drivers must have a valid driver's license that has not been suspended or revoked, including Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDLs) where required. Drivers must follow all applicable traffic laws and not drive if distracted or impaired. Drivers must be 18 or older. Driving time is limited to a maximum of 10 hours in a 24 hour period regardless of the number of drivers. Frequent breaks for rest, food, and recreation are required. Pre-trip inspections must be completed and any deficiencies must be remediated. (, , pp. 57-58, )
Tires must not be more than 6 years old. All seats must have factory installed seat belts. Vehicles must be equipped with triangle reflectors, flares, first aid kit, fire extinguisher, emergency water, food, blankets, incident reporting forms, and forms of communication. (, , p. 2, )
When towing, the tow vehicle driver has the knowledge, skills, and abilities to operate the vehicle with the attached unit. (, , p. 58, )
All participants must be outfitted in appropriate gear for cold weather. (, , p. 59, )
At least one leader must be an experienced winter camper. (, , p. 59, )
Cover no more than 12 miles on cross-country skis. (, , p. 59, )
Cover no more than 5 miles on snowshoes. (, , p. 59, )
Cold weather activities must be supervised by conscientious adults, one of whom is over 21, that are experienced and qualified in the cold weather activity and familiar with the seven points of BSA Winter Sports Safety. Appropriate personal protective equipment is required for all activities. (, , pp. 59-60, )
Helmets are required for downhill skiing. (, , p. 60, )
Helmets are required for snowboarding. (, , p. 60, )
During downhill activities such as sledding and tobogganing, use only designated areas where rocks, stumps, and other obstacles have been identified and marked, cleared away, shielded, or buffered. (, , p. 61, )
Know what animal and insect hazards may be encountered during the activity. Research and bring appropriate protection for these hazards. Ensure qualified personnel with appropriate protective equipment perform any cleaning of animal feces. (, , pp. 63-64, )
All swimming and activity afloat must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult age 21 or older who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of youth members in their care, is experienced in the particular activity, is confident in their ability to respond appropriately in an emergency, and is trained and committed to the nine points of BSA Safety Afloat and the eight points of Safe Swim Defense. The unit leader is always responsible for the safety of youth members and being trained and committed to BSA Safety Afloat and Safe Swim Defense. Responsibility for the other two requirements may be delegated to another adult (e.g., a lifeguard, a rafting guide). (, , p. 4, )
Swimming and snorkeling activities must be divided by ability groups. Only individuals with Swimmer classification may enter deep water. (, , p. 4, )
All participants must complete Snorkel BSA prior to participating in open water snorkeling. (, , p. 4, )
Only individuals classified as swimmers may participate in Scuba BSA. (, , p. 4, )
Scuba certification is required for scuba diving in open water. (, , p. 4, )
Only individuals classified as swimmers may participate in open water swimming. Mile Swim safety criteria must be used. (, , p. 4, )
Only individuals classified as swimmers may participate in surfing. (, , p. 4, )
Day rides on large private craft must have qualified adult operation, take place on calm water, and craft must have capacity of 4 or more. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with a swimmer in the same fixed-seat rowboat or pedal-boat on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with an adult swimmer in the same canoe on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with an adult swimmer in the same tandem kayak on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Nonswimmers and beginners must be buddied with an adult swimmer in the same raft on calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a single person kayak. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a stand-up paddleboard. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a rowing shell. Rowing shells may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a youth-operated sailboat. Sailboats may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a sailboard. Sailboards may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may use a powerboat. Powerboats may only be used on Class II or calmer rapids. Powerboats must be operated in compliance with state regulations. Approved supervision must be aboard the powerboat. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may go tubing. Tubing may only occur on gently flowing or calm, flat water. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may participate in commercial whitewater trips. A professional operator must be aboard each craft. (, , p. 4, )
Only swimmers may participate in towed aquatics activities. An approved operator must operate the towboat. (, , p. 4, )
Require evidence of fitness for swimming activity with a complete health history from a physician, parent, or guardian. Adjust all supervision, discipline, and protection to anticipate any risks associated with individual health conditions. (, , pp. 23-24, )
Swimming areas must be inspected and prepared for safety prior to each activity. Check depth, quality, temperature, movement, and clarity. There must be safe areas for all ability groups to enter and leave the water. The area must be clear of boat traffic, surfing, and other nonswimming activities. The bottom must be clear of trees and debris. Hazards must be eliminated or isolated by conspicuous markings and discussed with participants. Underwater hazards must be marked with floats. 80 degree water is ideal for swimming; temperatures below 70 should be of limited duration and have increased monitoring for hypothermia. Water should be moving slowly enough that participants can easily regain footing. Avoid areas with large waves, swift currents, or moderate currents flowing towards open water or hazards. A limited number of skilled swimmers should be used to appropriately mark temporary swim areas. (, , pp. 23, 50-51, )
Every swimming activity must be closely and continuously monitored by a trained rescue team on the alert for and ready to respond during emergencies. Rescue personnel must be able to easily reach the bottom. Swimming at night is only permitted in areas with clarity and lighting for good visibility above and below the surface. (, , p. 23, )
A lookout must continuously monitor conduct, identify departures from Safe Swim Defense, alert response personnel as needed, and monitor the weather and environment. The lookout should have a clear view of the full area, but be close enough for verbal communication. The lookout must understand Safe Swim Defense, but does not need to perform rescue. The adult supervisor may serve as the lookout. The lookout must move participants must move to an area of safety for 30 minutes after the last lightning flash or thunder. (, , pp. 23, 51, )
All participants must be classified as swimmers, beginners, or nonswimmers based on swimming ability confirmed by standardized BSA swim classification tests. (, , pp. 23-24, )
Each swim skill level group must be assigned to a specific swimming area with depths consistent with their abilities. Abrupt changes in depth are not permitted in nonswimmer areas. The nonswimmer area must be no more than waist to chest deep, and enclosed by physical boundaries. The beginner area must contain water from standing depth to just over the head. Maximum depth in clear water is 12 feet. Maximum depth in turbid water is 8 feet. Swimming in flowing water or water exceeding maximum depths may be permitted if life jackets are worn and the supervisor determines that it is safe. Areas only need to be defined if there are participants in a given skill classification (e.g., a nonswimmer area need not be defined if everyone is at least a beginner). (, , pp. 23, 51, )
All participants are paired as buddies. Buddies must stay together, monitor each other, and alert the safety team if assistance is needed or one is missing. Buddies check in and out of the swimming area together. If buddies do not have the same skill classification, they swim in the area of the buddy with lesser ability. Approximately every 10 minutes a buddy check should be performed where upon a whistle and a call for "Buddies" all buddies must raise each other's hand before a slow count of 10. Once all buddies are paired, a count of participantss must be completed and verified in each swimming area. A single triple may be created if there is an odd number of participants. (, , pp. 23-24, 53, )
Every swimming activity must be closely and continuously monitored by a trained rescue team on the alert for and ready to respond during emergencies. Professionally trained lifeguards satisfy this requirement when provided by a regulated facility or tour operator. When not provided, the adult supervisor must assign two rescue personnel plus as many additional to maintain a 1:10 ratio. The supervisor must provide instruction and rescue equipment, and assign areas of responsibility. The supervisor, rescue personnel, and lookout constitute the safety team. Rescue personnel will generally work as buddy pairs with each monitoring the other. (, , pp. 23,52, )
For activities where beginners and nonswimmers may participate in activities afloat, the qualified supervisor must approve their participation. (, , p. 24, )
Properly fitted US Coast Guard approved life jackets must be worn by all individuals engaged in boating activities. (, , p. 24, )
All individuals participating in activities afloat must have sufficient knowledge and skill to participate safely. (, , p. 24, )
All equipment for activities afloat must be suitable for the activity, seaworthy, and capable of floating if capsized. Equipment must meet regulatory standards, be properly sized, and be in good repair. Spares, repair materials, and emergency gear must be carried as appropriate. (, , p. 24, )
In the case of a missing person, serious injury, or fatality, unit leaders must inform their council office as soon as possible. (, , p. 27, )
Appropriate attire is required for aquatics activities. Privacy must be provided for all participants when changing into swimsuits. Skinny dipping and revealing bathing suits are not appropriate for Scouting. (, , p. 27, )
All participants must have ready access to drinking water and eat regular meals to prevent electrolyte imbalance. (, , p. 34, )
Don't swim in small stagnant bodies of water or where livestock or waterfowl are present. If fecal matter is released in a pool, cancel the swimming activity. Swimming is not permitted in pools with green, murky, or cloudy water. (, , pp. 35,51, )
Observe all warning signs posted by health officials during aquatics activities. (, , p. 35, )
A concientious adult who is familiar with basic swimming strokes and abides by the swim test guidelines may administer the swim test. (, , p. 38, )
To be classified as a swimmer, the individual must be able to make an abrupt, feetfirst entry into deep water and begin swimming without aid. In pools of insufficient depth, the individual may be provisionally classified as a swimmer if they can bob up and down with full head submersion, then level off and begin swimming. The individual must cover 75 yards with a strong overarm stroke (including a front crawl, sidestroke, breaststroke, or back crawl) in a manner indicating that 75 yards is not their maximum ability. Perfect form is not necessary. The individual must then swim 25 yards using a resting backstroke with no support from side or bottom to transition. A back crawl may be used so long as it is sufficiently restful to allow catching the breath. The full distance must be covered without recovery stops, but brief treading is permitted to avoid a collision or work out a muscle kink. The total 100 yards must include one sharp turn. There is no time limit for the test. Finally, the individual must demonstrate the ability to float. Floating may be done face up or down. Floating may be retested by itself after instruction, provided the administrator is confident that the swimmer can initiate the float in deep water when exhausted. (, , p. 38-39, )
To be classified as a beginner, the individual must be able to make an abrupt, feetfirst entry into deep water and begin swimming without aid. In pools of insufficient depth, the individual may be provisionally classified as a beginner if they can bob up and down with full head submersion, then level off and begin swimming. The individual must cover 25 yards with a strong overarm stroke (including a front crawl, sidestroke, breaststroke, or back crawl), stop, then return to their starting place. (, , p. 39, )
All individuals that are not classified as a swimmer or beginner must be classified as nonswimmers. (, , p. 39, )
Diving is only permitted into clear, unobstructed water at least 7 feet from a height of 40" or less. No one should jump into water from a height greater than they are tall. Jumping (including feet first) must be into water at least chest height with minimal risk of contacting the bottom. No jumping is permitted when the jumper must clear an obstacle, including land. (, , p. 51, )
Diving boards, water slides, rope swings, floats, and other play equipment must meet state requirements for construction and supervision. (, , p. 51, )
The supervisor must establish a system for tracking everyone who enters the water, their buddy, and their ability. (, , p. 53, )
The safety team must be familiar with the victim recognition and water rescue techniques in chapter 9 of the Aquatics Supervision guide and the preparation steps in chapter 10. (, , pp. 89-118, )
Enforce a rule of "Look but don't touch" in Scuba and snorkeling activities. (, , p. 121, )
Snorkels must be no longer than 14 inches in length. Do not attempt to breathe through a hose at greater lengths. (, , p. 123, )
Swimmers must complete the Snorkeling BSA requirements prior to participating in open water snorkeling. The following skills must be mastered in clear confined water prior to open water snorkeling: checking a mask for leaks, purging water from a flooded mask, purging the snorkel tube, swimming with fins, water entry, pressure equalization, dives, object retrieval, and the DISTRESS sign. (, , pp. 125-126,131, )
Snorkeling activities are limited to clear water (defined as an 8 inch disk with black and white quadrants being visible at 8 foot depth from the surface). (, , p. 129, )
Snorkeling activities must be supervised by an individual with skills and knowledge matching those required for the Snorkel BSA award, and must have experience snorkeling in the environment that the activity is planned for. (, , p. 129, )
Snorkeling at night is limited to lighted pools unless conducted at a BSA nationally accredited high adventure base. (, , p. 130, )
Individual flotation devices must be used when snorkeling in a noticeable current or swells, when the bottom is not visible from the surface, or when the activity is greater than 50 yards from the shore or a craft. (, , p. 130, )
All Scuba instruction must be done by a certified instructor that is insured and in good standing. Recognized certifying agencies are PADI, NAUI, SSI, IDEA, PDIC, SDI, YMCA Scuba Program, and NASDS. Members of WRSTC are also recognized. (, , pp. 132-134, )
Anyone possessing, displaying, or using scuba equipment for a scouting activity must either be enrolled in Scuba BSA or the Scuba merit badge, or already certified by a recognized agency. (, , pp. 133, )
Recreational dives must be supervised by an adult that is currently certified as a divemaster, assistant instructor, or higher rating from a recognized agency. Dive parameters must be consistent with each individual's certifications. (, , pp. 133, )
Dives using surface-supplied air are only permitted under contract by commercial divers. (, , pp. 133, )
Divers under 12 years of age are limited to 40 foot depths. Divers from 12 to 14 are limited to 60 feet. Each diver under 15 must have an adult buddy certified as an open-water diver that is either the youth's parent or approved by the youth's parent. One trained supervisor must be available for every group of 8 divers, a maximum of 4 who may be under 15. (, , pp. 133, )
Do not exceed the manufacturer's recommended load as found on the boat's capacity plate. (, , p. 163, )
In general, more maneuverable boats give way to less maneuverable boats. Complete rules should be reviewed from the US Coast Guard Office of Boating Safety. (, , p. 165, )
All boats must proceed at low speeds in the vicinity of military vessels and must not approach closer than 100 yards without permission. (, , p. 165, )
Powerboats yield to wind- or human-powered craft. When powerboats are crossing, the boat to starboard yields. When meeting head on, powerboats veer right to pass port-to-port. (, , p. 165, )
Understand and respect all signs, markers, and navigational aids while afloat. (, , p. 166, )
When returning to shore, going upriver, or traveling south on the Intracoastal Waterway, keep red, even numbered cones on the right and green, odd numbered cans on the left. Slow, shallow-draft crafts should stay at the edges of the channel to allow larger craft to pass. (, , p. 166, )
Understand and adhere to all boating regulations. The National Association of State Boating Law Administrators maintains links to each state's boating laws. (, , p. 167, )
All motorized boats must be registered, display numbers and validation stickers, and have onboard possession of a certificate of number while in use. Individual states may require registration for other non-motorized craft. (, , p. 167, )
Any boating accident involving loss of life, medical treatment beyond first aid, or property damage exceeding $2000 must be reported to local authorities. They must also be reported to the local council. (, , p. 167, )
All craft under federal jurisdiction must carry an audible device, such as a whistle, to signal other boats. (, , p. 167, )
Maintain three points of contact whenever moving about a canoe. (, , p. 172, )
If the water level is suspected to be rising during a float trip, take a short break ashore and mark the water level with a rock or stick. Consider alternate takeouts if the water level covers the rock or stick during the break. (, , p. 206, )
Whitewater helmets are required for class III rapids or greater. (, , p. 219, )
On rivers with class III rapids or greater, there are three options for those rapids. Groups with basic skills may portage. Novice groups may ride in rafts with professional guides in each craft. Those with advanced training may run the rapids provided they are confident to do so after scouting the rapid. (, , p. 227, )
Carry copies of the float plan on the trip and file copies with unit members that are not attending. (, , pp. 230-234, )
All boardsailing participants must wear a properly fitting personal floatation device. Do not sail where winds or currents are directed offshore or to open water. Stay off the water during high winds, waves, and lightning. Check all equipment before going out. Do not sail at night. (, , p. 262, )
A motorboat may be operated by youth, subject to state regulations, when accompanied in the boat by an experienced leader who meets state requirements for motorboat operations. (, , p. 264, )
All motorboats must have life jackets, fire extinguishers, backfire flame arrestors, ventilation systems, navigation lights for operating at night, sound signaling devices, and visual distress signals. (, , p. 265, )
Tow sports require a skilled boat driver and a separate observer. While some states permit the driver to perform both roles with a rearview mirror, BSA requires a separate observer. Always return quickly to protect a fallen person. Drive according to the participant's ability and avoid sharp turns. Put the motor in neutral when passing a person in the water. Turn the motor off when picking up a person. Always bring swimmers into the boat via a ladder or rear low deck. Never allow anyone to ride the gunwale or back of the seat while driving. Never tow anyone in congested areas. (, , pp. 272-273, )
Do not allow tow sport participants to attempt maneuvers without appropriate training. Take instruction from an instructor or advanced participant. Always wear a personal flotation device. Look ahead at all times. Stay away from docks, boats, and stumps. Stay away from others engaging in tow sports. Run parallel to the shore and come in slow when landing. Always signal safety with clasped hands overhead after a fall. Hold up a ski or other large object while in the water in a well-traveled area. Minimum safe depth is 6 feet. Never put a body part through the bridle or wrap the participant in the rope. Never go to exhaustion. Never participate at night. Never tow directly in front of another boat. Never approach the boat while the motor is running. (, , p. 273, )
Display skier down flags if required by state law. (, , p. 277, )

Best Practices

All pack leaders should be BALOO trained. (, , p. 21, )
Avoid campsites with hazard trees. (, , p. 22, )
If lightning strikes, be prepared to perform CPR. (, , p. 24, )
BSA activities only involving scouters should not permit the use of tobacco products. (, , pp. 25, )
Unleaded gasoline and liquid alcohol fuels are not recommended for use. Consider other chemical fuels. (, , p. 33, )
All participants should conduct a Safety PAUSE prior to commencing the activity. (, , p. 39, )
Slacklining equipment should not be used for any other purpose. Fall precautions should include spotters and crash pads. Trees used for anchors should be protected from damage and be at least 8 inches in diameter. (, , p. 47, )
Avoid riding bicycles at night. (, , p. 49, )
Protective gear (helmets, knee pads, elbow pads, wrist guards)is recommended when skating indoors. (, , p. 50, )
Vehicles should have a minimum liability policy of $100,000 combined single limit. Vehicles carrying 10 or more passengers should have a limit of $1 million single limits. (, , pp. 53-54, )
All watercraft used in scouting should have liability insurance commensurate with the size and usage of the craft. $1 million is recommended. Craft and operators should be licensed by the U.S. Coast Guard. (, , pp. 54-55, )
All equipment should be inspected to ensure it is in good condition and properly maintained while in use. Blankets and bags should be of a suitable quality and weight. Youth should be suitably fit for cold weather activities and take frequent breaks to prevent accidents and overheating. Youth should understand the relevant hazards. Helmets should be worn for winter sports. Individuals with underlying cardiopulmonary conditions should be cleared by their physician to participate. (, , pp. 59-60, )
All participants should know, understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe swimming provided by Safe Swim Defense. Applicable rules should be discussed prior to entering the water for any aquatics outing with all participants. (, , p. 23, )
All participants should know, understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe boating provided by Safety Afloat. Applicable rules should be discussed prior to entering the water for any aquatics outing with all participants. (, , p. 24, )
Type III life jackets are recommended for general recreational use in boating activities. Inflatable life jackets are appropriate for youth that are 16 or older in calm water. (, , pp. 24,198, )
Activities afloat participants should be asked to relate any recent incidents of illness or injury just prior to the activity. Such questions can be combined with permission slips. (, , p. 31-32, )
Unit leaders should carry copies of medical forms on remote trips so information is available in event of an emergency. (, , p. 32, )
Leaders should insist on application of sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 for any outdoor activity. Sunscreen should be reapplied after swimming and sweating. UV-protective clothing should be considered, particularly on sunny days and for aquatics. Hats and sunglasses should be used to protect eyes. (, , p. 34, )
Avoid swallowing water while swimming. (, , p. 35, )
Unit leaders should be cognizant of individuals that are classified as nonswimmers due to medical restriction vs. those that cannot pass the beginner test. Such restrictions should be discretely communicated to any event staff, and the individual should privately be put on their honor not to circumvent any restriction. (, , p. 39, )
Schedule with public pools for swim tests. Avoid apartment or backyard pools for swim tests. Clear water is preferred to murky water when testing in natural bodies of water. Have multiple testers for large groups. Do not align swimmers in lanes and have a synchronized start, as in a swim competition. Individuals not confident in completing the swimmer test should attempt the beginner test first. Each participant should be within a single reach for the duration of the test. (, , p. 40-41, )
Ensure all swim test participants have a good experience. Ask individuals in swim wear that are hesitant to show what they know in shallow water. Confirm that each participant is comfortable in deep water before asking them to dive in. (, , p. 39, )
Avoid swimming in areas where crowds hinder supervision. (, , p. 51, )
Older youth and adults who have completed the Lifesaving merit badge, BSA Swimming and Water Rescue, or BSA Lifeguard requirements are the best candidates for response personnel. Provide short breaks for the safety team to maintain concentration. Rotate any youth so they can also participate in the activity. (, , p. 52, )
Buddies who take longer than a count of 10 at a buddy check should be counseled on proper use of the buddy system in Safe Swim Defense. (, , p. 53, )
The safety team should review guidance in chapter 7 of the Aquatics Supervision guide for additional planning guidance on safety measures for specific swimming locations, how to scout temporary swimming areas, and how to appropriately mark safe swimming areas. (, , pp. 55-74, )
A diver flag should be used at open water sites. It may be attached to the dive boat or towed on a float by the swimmers. Swimmers should be restricted to within 50 feet of the flag. (, , pp. 124,130, )
The snorkeling party should be divided into groups of 2 to 8 swimmers with a buddy pair of responders assigned to each group. Responders need not be in the water, provided they are close enough to respond to an emergency. (, , pp. 124,130, )
Participants in open water Scuba should be screened by the divemaster or instructor prior to participation and given remedial instruction if necessary. (, , pp. 133, )
Whistles should be attached to life jackets to signal other boats when in small craft. (, , p. 167, )
Quickstart Your Canoe and Introduction to Canoe by the American Canoe Association is a good introduction to canoe skills. (, , p. 170, )
A coiled leash is recommended for stand up paddleboarding on flat water. Leashes in moving water and white water should be attached to life jackets with a quick release mechanism. (, , p. 198, )
Tubes should be designed for river floating with concealed valves, mesh or net covers, and grab lines. (, , p. 214, )
Helmets should be used in kayaks and decked canoes for river travel. (, , p. 229, )
Tip your commercial whitewater guide. (, , p. 223, )
Transport canoes or kayaks on a trailer designed for that use. Ensure the tow vehicle and hitch are rated for the trailer and the trailer meets all legal requirements such as lights, license, and safety chains. Carry a spare tire for the trailer and an appropriate jack. (, , p. 223, )
Carry two sets of keys in separate boats for shuttle vehicles. (, , p. 230, )
5 gallon buckets with lids make effective watertight containers for float trips. Zip-locks and doubled garbage bags can be used to protect clothing and gear. (, , p. 232, )
Buddies in tandem boats should be matched by size and skill as wel as compatibility. Pair lower skill paddlers with higher skill paddlers to keep the entire group moving. (, , p. 233, )
Amateur sailors should limit themselves to daylight and staying within sight of land. (, , p. 245, )